阅读基础词汇与逻辑

几乎不/很少（表否定）：few=little=hardly=barely=rarely=scarcely=seldom

忽视：ignore=neglect=overlook

批评/谴责：blame=condemn=denounce=deplore=criticize=scold=rebuke=scorn=be under fire for

抱怨：complain=moan=grumble=find fault with

避开/避免：avoid=escape=shun

迫使/强迫：force to=compel to=be reluctant to(不情愿)

下 降 / 减 少: reduce=lower=down=dip=drop=decrease=decline=descend=diminish=lessen=cut

down=fall=slump=plummet=go down

错 误 /缺 点 problem=complaint=worry=trouble=fail

to=flaw=fault=defect=weakness=drawback=disadvantage=shortcoming=demerit

使迷惑/困惑：puzzle=perplex=confuse=bewilder=baffle

有害的/不利的：

bad=evil=vicious=baneful=harmful=detrimental=adverse=disadvantageous=against

禁止：ban=prohibit=forbid

阻止/困难/障碍：stop=prevent=cease=put an end to=hold back=preclude=impede=set back

=difficulty=obstacle=barrier=hindrance=challenge=hinder=hamper=handicap=obstruct=block=in the way=undermine=stem

限制：limit=restrict=restrain=constraint=confine=curb=inhibit

推迟：put off= phase back= delay=suspend=postpone

欺骗：fraud=deceit=deceive=cheat

讽刺：satire=sarcasm=sarcastic=irony=ironic

泄气而不做： be demotivated to=discourage from doing

危及：threaten=endanger=jeopardize=imperil

消失：disappear=vanish

而不是：rather than=instead of

抛弃：abandon=discard=forsake=desert

贿赂：bribe=corrupt

担忧：worry=concern

模糊的/不明确的：vague=obscure=blurry

夸大：exaggerate=overstate=overrate=overvalue=overestimate

不遵守某人的誓言：break one’s promise=dishonor one’s promise

有益的：useful=helpful=beneficial=favorable=advantageous=rewarding=profitable

公正的：just=fair=fair play=integrity=unbiased=disinterested=impartial=objective

创新：creative=innovative=think ability=critical thinking= critical mind=critical skill

繁荣：prosper (prosperous)= thrive=flourish=boom=bloom=blossom

幸福：happiness=well-being

忠诚：allegiance=loyalty

重要的：important=significant=crucial=critical=vital=essential=necessary=indispensable=the key to

保存/保护：protect=guard=shield=save=conserve=preserve

赞扬：praise=compliment=speak highly of

上升/增加：increase=jump=rise=raise=go up=accelerate=ascent=boost=augment=mount=add

积极的/乐观的：positive=optimistic=hopeful=sanguine

令人振奋的/鼓舞人心的 uplifting =heartening= inspirational

收入(钱)：income=wage=salary=earnings=revenue=pay

钱：expenditure/expense/cost/spending/money/currency/fund/capital/finance/paper/coin/cash/change

cheque/invest/profit/charge/fare/fee/tuition/rent/budget/pension/benefits/subsidy/allowance/bonus

扩大：widen=broaden=enlarge=extend=expand=stretch

促进/加强：facilitate/boost/advance/promote/enhance/push/build up/cement/intense

激 发 /鼓励： encourage=urge=motivate=prompt=stimulate=spur=inspire=activate=fuel

=impel=propel

处理/解决：deal with=cope with=handle=tackle=resolve=solve=address

需要：need=require=demand=ask=take ( it takes/took… )=request

影响：effect (动词：affect) =influence=impact=implication=consequence

工作/职业：work=job=employment=career=profession=vocation=occupation=post=calling=cause

适应：adjust to=adapt to = be accustomed to= acclimation

娱乐：enjoyment=pastimes=recreation=entertainment =amusement

能力：ability=capability=capacity=skill=power=competence

权利：authority=power=right

共同的：shared=common=joint=collective=collaborative

强调：stress=highlight=spotlight=emphasize=underline

吸引：attract=tempt=appeal=fascinate

谋生：earn one’s living= make one’s living=live off

授予：grant=award

奇怪：strange=odd=bizarre=weird=peculiar

作为（起…作用）：serve as =function as

认为：sb+suggest=think=hold=view=believe=claim=maintain=argue=assume=assert=insist

=deem=reckon=submit=be convinced

方式/方法：way=manner=fashion=approach=tactic=means=channel=measure

表明：show=illustrate=demonstrate=indicate

依赖/依靠、取决于：depend on=rely on= count on=rest on=lean on=reckon on

直率：frank=straight up

关注/重视：focus on=concentrate on= pay attention to= put emphasis on=keep a watchful eye on

=attach importance to =take into account=take account of=give priority to=place great value on

越来越：more and more=increasing=growing=mounting

购买：buy=purchase=spend money

培养：develop=cultivate=foster=raise=nurture

致力于：be devoted to=be dedicated to=be committed to

允许某人做某事：allow sb. to do sth. =give sb. permission to do sth.

乏味的：boring=dull=tiresome=tedious

一直：always=continually=continuously=constantly=all the time=around the clock

公司：firm=company=corporation=business=organization= enterprise

参加：take part in=join in= participate in=attend

富裕的：rich=wealthy=affluent=well-to-do=well-off=well-healed贫穷的：poor=needy=impoverished=poverty-stricken人类：human beings=human race=human species=mankind=man责任：responsibility=obligation=duty=liability=hold accountable for相似的：same=similar=resemble=like=alike最初的，开始的：initial=original=primary=first使用/利用:use=utilize=employ=exploit=make use of=take advantage of有活力的：energetic=dynamic=vigorous=vibrant=animated=lively确保：make sure=assure=ensure=insure =guarantee=assure sb. of sth.环境：context=environment=surroundings=circumstance固有的/内在的：inherent=intrinsic=innate=inborn普遍的：common=universal=general=widespread=ubiquitous=pervasive数据：data=figure=statistics=information许多/大量的/足够的：a lot of= a deal of=a host of=an ocean of=a sea of=an army of=a multitudeof=a great many=a large amount of =numerous=adequate=enough=sufficient=ample=plentiful易受伤害的/易受…的影响：be susceptible to= be vulnerable to向…学习/借鉴：learn from=take a page from支付：pay for=cover同化：homogenize=assimilate谦虚的：modest=unpretentious追求/寻求：pursue=seek坚持：stick to=adhere to=cling to名声/名望：fame=prestige=reputation勤勉的：hard-working=industrious尊重/尊敬：respect=esteem从事：embark on=take up=set about=go in for奢侈的：luxurious=lavish安静的/平静的：quiet=tranquil=serene提供：provide=supply=furnish特点：feature=characteristic=trait忍受：stand=bear=withstand=endure=suffer=tolerate=put up with关于：about=concerning=with respect to=with regard to=regarding=with reference to=in termsof=relating to改变/转变：change=modify=transform=remodel=turn=convert=vary=alter=shift=switch继承：inherit=success（successive）=run in family指导：direct=guide=lead=instruct=give order包含：include=involve=consist of=comprise=be composed of=be made up of城市：city=urban=metropolitan=civic有时: sometimes=from time to time=at times=on occasion=now and then=every now and again最后：in the end=eventually=finally=ultimately把 … 看作是： see…as…/think…as…/view…as…/regard…as…/consider…as…/reckon…as…/rate…as…/deem…as…/count…as…/envision…as…/dismiss…as..(否定)对…感兴趣：be interested in=be caught up in=be crazy about=be keen on=be fond o=be fascinated with=be obsessed with

1) 并列词

and, and also, or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…,

likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is (to say), as well as, much the same as.

2) 递进词

also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, indeed, even, in effect, in fact

1) 转折词

but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, in fact, in reality,

actually, on the other hand

2) 让步词

although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of, regardless of, anyway, anyhow, even

3) 对比词

while, whereas, rather than.., instead of, not…but…

1) 因果词：

因为/由于：because=because of=the reason of=as a result of=thanks to=owing to=due to=onaccount of=originate from=stem from=arise from=derive from=result from=come from=grow outof=lie in=in that=be attributed to=be inspired by=be encouraged by=be spurred by=since=now that=given that=seeing that=considering that=in light of=in terms of=after all=on thegrounds that=rely on=depend on=resort to =count on

导致：cause=lead to=result in=conduce to=contribute to=account for=bring about=spark off=giverise to=fuel=spell=incur=induce=produce=generate=trigger

因此/结果：so=therefore=thereby=hence=thus=consequently=accordingly=as a

result=implication=consequence=effect=so…that…=such…that…

2)目的词

in order that.., for, in order to, so that, lest, for fear that, in case

3) 条件词

if, only if, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, with (the help of), when, whenever

such as, for example, for instance, of(these, those, them), among(these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely, that is (to say)

1.first, second, last of all; in the first place, in the second place, finally; to begin with, to continue; first…then, on the one hand…on the other hand; for one thing… for another; one…another; some… others.. still others…

2.when, whenever, before, after, since, as, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time

act n.法案

runn.态势，状况，趋势

benefit n.救济金

driven.驱动力，强烈的欲望

practice n.惯例

spell n.一段时间

people n.民族

lesson n.教训

course n.过程，进程；方针，路线

game n.猎物

implication n.（可能的）影响

preserve n.专属领域，独有活动

address n.演说，致辞

intelligence n.情报

charge n.费用

duty n.税

rate n.价格，费用

class n.风度，气质；阶级

line n.态度，看法；生产线，流水线

cap n.上限

company n.剧团，演出团

interest n.利益团体

produce n.农产品

convention n.大会

discipline n.学科

distinction n.名誉

law n.定律，规律

economy n.经济体（国家）

figure n.名人

air n.神态，氛围

humor n.心情，情绪

keep n.生机，谋生

ground n.立场，理由，根据

industry n.勤奋

might n.力量

nature n.天性，本质

objective n.目标，目的

panel n.专家小组

passage n.经过，通过

post n.职位

pressn.出版社；媒体评论

promise n.前途，希望

reason n.理智，理性

respect n.方面

term n.条款，术语

yield n.产量，收益

fair n.展览会，交易会

state n.状态

lot n.命运，生活状况；一群，一帮

take n.做法，举措

issue n.（刊物）期/号

bold n.粗体字

principal n.校长 n.资本，本金

picture n.局面；情况

share n.股份

story n.楼层

trade n.职业，行业

agenda n.动机

deal n.交易；(不公的)待遇

code n.法典，法规；道德准则，行为规范

cure n.解决办法，对策

fixn.解决方案，措施

fire n.猛烈的批评

end n.目标，目的

favor n.小礼物

framework n.观点，准则

initiative n.主动权

medium n.材料，形式

pocket n.小组织，小区域

quarter n.个人，群体

rank n.（团体）成员

traffic n.流量

union n.婚姻

clearv.开垦；批准，得到…的正式许可

address v.解决，处理

buy v.赞同，相信

draw v.得出；领取；吸入

determine v.确定，查明

review n.评论

issue v.发布，颁布

find v.裁决，判决

sit v.在…任职；参加考试

pen v.写，撰写

screen v.筛查，审查

weather v.渡过（危机/困境）

spell v.招致

back v.支持

see v.确保

decline v.拒绝

fashion v.形成，塑造，制定

exercise v.运用，行使

rate v.评估

subject v.使遭受 adj.隶属的

field v.处理，回应（电话或请求等）

appeal v.上诉

appropriate v.占用

contract v.感染，得病

hold v.认为；（将要）发生

submit v.主张，认为

employ v.利用，运用

promise v.很有可能，预示

long v.渴望

mirror v.反映，反射

feature v.突出；以…为特色；上演

obscure v.掩盖

tell v.命令，吩咐

poolv.集中（资源、钱财等）；n.备用人员

prize v.珍惜，高度重视

secure v.获得，得到

compromise v.损害，伤害

fold v.让步，退让

fetch v.售卖，售得

sentence v.宣判

tailor v.调整，修改

doctor v.篡改，伪造

tap v.开发，开采

treasure v.重视

weigh v.权衡，掂量

harbor v.怀有，心怀

claim v.索赔，主张

fine v.罚款

file v.提起（诉讼），提出（申请）

carry v.销售，出售

fan v.煽起，激起

wage v.进行，发动

challenge v.质疑

develop v.患（病）

family n.派别

star v.主演，担任主角

meet v.满足（meet the need 满足需求）

shape v.塑造；对…产生影响

inform v.对…有影响

champion v.支持

credit v.认为是…的功劳（credit sth. to sb. 归功于）

put v.说，表达

bill v.把…宣传为

save v.避免，免得；prep. 除了

bearv.具有，带有；承担（责任）

capture v.充分体现

bag v.成功获得

engineer v.安排，筹划

pack v.挤满

relate v.讲述，叙述

stem v.阻止，遏止

ready adj.愿意的，乐意的

due adj.适当的，应有的

lean adj.精简的；不景气的

soundadj.无损的，健康的；合理的

trying adj.棘手的

tricky adj.棘手的，难对付的

fat adj.丰厚的

democratic adj.大众的

average adj.普通的，平常的

mean adj.平均的（mean value 平均值）；吝啬的，小气的

narrow adj.勉强的，刚刚好的

even adj.一致的，平均的；平和的

flat adj.固定的，不变的

classified adj.机密的

fertile adj.多产的，能繁殖的

late adj.已故的

handsome adj.可观的 大量的

plain adj.平常的，朴素的

pronounced adj.显著的

subject adj.易受影响的

fine adj.细致的，精美的

bold adj.大胆的

significant adj.显著的，相当数量的

straight adj.连续的，不间断的

bare adj.仅够的，最基本的

net adj. 净得的，纯的

around adv.出现，可用

straight adv.清楚地，准确地